The cost

Our education system

In 2010, our General Assembly created a new formula for disbursing state education aid to school districts. Under this student-centered funding formula, districts receive a basic per-pupil funding amount for each enrolled student and an additional 40 percent of that amount for each low-income student. Of the total designated funding amount for each district, the state covers a portion with state revenues and the district covers a portion with local revenues; higher-wealth districts are responsible for a greater share of their total funding than lower-wealth districts. The state also offers a limited amount of additional funding to districts to cover expenses such as extraordinary special education costs, career and technical education programs and early childhood programs. The funding formula will not be fully phased in until 2020, and lawmakers are considering revisions to the formula in 2016.

With the spotlight cast on school funding in Rhode Island, RI-CAN recently issued a special State of Education report that contains a comprehensive overview of the school funding landscape across the state. Some of that data is highlighted below.

To access RI-CAN’s full State of Education: Spotlight on School Funding report, click here.

Expenditures

Like many states, per-pupil expenditures in Rhode Island have been growing over time. Our per-pupil spending is above the national average, but in line with regional peers.

Current expenditures per pupil for public elementary and secondary schools in Rhode Island (constant 2013–2014 dollars)

Notes:

2013–2014 data are from the Rhode Island Department of Education (RIDE), while data for years 2001–2002, 2004–2005, 2007–2008 and 2010–2011 are from the U.S. Department of Education (USDOE). It was necessary to use two data sources due to data limitations on the RIDE website and because only the USDOE presents data in constant 2013–2014 dollars (i.e., only the USDOE adjusts for inflation over time). As a result of using two data sources, there may be discrepancies between 2013–2014 and earlier years based on differences in data classification and data collection methodology.
Both RIDE data and USDOE data exclude capital expenditures and debt service expenditures and include public charter school expenditures. In Rhode Island, capital expenditures include any land and buildings that are capitalized (regardless of the value and useful life); infrastructure and building improvements that are capitalized at a cost of $1 million or more with a useful life of one year or more; and equipment that is capitalized at a cost of $5,000 or more. Debt service includes payments on debt obligations, including principal and interest payments.
RIDE data excludes expenditures funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
USDOE per-pupil expenditures are calculated using fall enrollment, while RIDE per-pupil expenditures are calculated using average daily membership (enrollment averaged over the course of the school year). Average daily membership is calculated by dividing the aggregate days of student membership (enrollment) by total school days.

Current expenditures per pupil for public elementary and secondary schools (Not adjusted for inflation)

	Value
1. District of Columbia District of Columbia $20,530Value	$20,530
2. New York New York $19,529Value	$19,529
3. New Jersey New Jersey $18,523Value	$18,523
4. Alaska Alaska $18,217Value	$18,217
5. Connecticut Connecticut $17,321Value	$17,321
6. Vermont Vermont $17,286Value	$17,286
7. Wyoming Wyoming $15,815Value	$15,815
8. Massachusetts Massachusetts $15,321Value	$15,321
9. Rhode Island Rhode Island $14,889Value	$14,889
10. Maryland Maryland $14,086Value	$14,086
11. New Hampshire New Hampshire $14,050Value	$14,050
12. Delaware Delaware $13,653Value	$13,653
13. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania $13,445Value	$13,445
14. Maine Maine $12,655Value	$12,655
15. Illinois Illinois $12,443Value	$12,443
T-16. Hawaii Hawaii $11,743Value	$11,743
T-16. Nebraska Nebraska $11,743Value	$11,743
18. North Dakota North Dakota $11,615Value	$11,615
19. Ohio Ohio $11,276Value	$11,276
20. West Virginia West Virginia $11,257Value	$11,257
21. Wisconsin Wisconsin $11,186Value	$11,186
22. Minnesota Minnesota $11,065Value	$11,065
23. Virginia Virginia $10,960Value	$10,960
United States United States $10,763Value	$10,763
24. Montana Montana $10,662Value	$10,662
25. Louisiana Louisiana $10,539Value	$10,539
26. Michigan Michigan $10,515Value	$10,515
27. Iowa Iowa $10,291Value	$10,291
28. Kansas Kansas $10,011Value	$10,011
29. Washington Washington $9,714Value	$9,714
30. Missouri Missouri $9,702Value	$9,702
31. Arkansas Arkansas $9,538Value	$9,538
32. South Carolina South Carolina $9,444Value	$9,444
33. Indiana Indiana $9,421Value	$9,421
34. Kentucky Kentucky $9,274Value	$9,274
35. California California $9,258Value	$9,258
36. Oregon Oregon $9,183Value	$9,183
37. New Mexico New Mexico $9,164Value	$9,164
38. Georgia Georgia $9,121Value	$9,121
39. Alabama Alabama $8,773Value	$8,773
40. Colorado Colorado $8,693Value	$8,693
41. South Dakota South Dakota $8,630Value	$8,630
42. Florida Florida $8,623Value	$8,623
43. Tennessee Tennessee $8,588Value	$8,588
44. North Carolina North Carolina $8,342Value	$8,342
45. Texas Texas $8,261Value	$8,261
46. Mississippi Mississippi $8,117Value	$8,117
47. Nevada Nevada $8,026Value	$8,026
48. Oklahoma Oklahoma $7,914Value	$7,914
49. Arizona Arizona $7,495Value	$7,495
50. Idaho Idaho $6,761Value	$6,761
51. Utah Utah $6,432Value	$6,432

	Value
1. District of Columbia District of Columbia $20,530Value	$20,530
2. New York New York $19,529Value	$19,529
3. New Jersey New Jersey $18,523Value	$18,523
4. Alaska Alaska $18,217Value	$18,217
5. Connecticut Connecticut $17,321Value	$17,321
6. Vermont Vermont $17,286Value	$17,286
7. Wyoming Wyoming $15,815Value	$15,815
8. Massachusetts Massachusetts $15,321Value	$15,321
9. Rhode Island Rhode Island $14,889Value	$14,889
10. Maryland Maryland $14,086Value	$14,086
11. New Hampshire New Hampshire $14,050Value	$14,050
12. Delaware Delaware $13,653Value	$13,653
13. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania $13,445Value	$13,445
14. Maine Maine $12,655Value	$12,655
15. Illinois Illinois $12,443Value	$12,443
T-16. Hawaii Hawaii $11,743Value	$11,743
T-16. Nebraska Nebraska $11,743Value	$11,743
18. North Dakota North Dakota $11,615Value	$11,615

	Value
19. Ohio Ohio $11,276Value	$11,276
20. West Virginia West Virginia $11,257Value	$11,257
21. Wisconsin Wisconsin $11,186Value	$11,186
22. Minnesota Minnesota $11,065Value	$11,065
23. Virginia Virginia $10,960Value	$10,960
United States United States $10,763Value	$10,763
24. Montana Montana $10,662Value	$10,662
25. Louisiana Louisiana $10,539Value	$10,539
26. Michigan Michigan $10,515Value	$10,515
27. Iowa Iowa $10,291Value	$10,291
28. Kansas Kansas $10,011Value	$10,011
29. Washington Washington $9,714Value	$9,714
30. Missouri Missouri $9,702Value	$9,702
31. Arkansas Arkansas $9,538Value	$9,538
32. South Carolina South Carolina $9,444Value	$9,444
33. Indiana Indiana $9,421Value	$9,421
34. Kentucky Kentucky $9,274Value	$9,274
35. California California $9,258Value	$9,258

	Value
36. Oregon Oregon $9,183Value	$9,183
37. New Mexico New Mexico $9,164Value	$9,164
38. Georgia Georgia $9,121Value	$9,121
39. Alabama Alabama $8,773Value	$8,773
40. Colorado Colorado $8,693Value	$8,693
41. South Dakota South Dakota $8,630Value	$8,630
42. Florida Florida $8,623Value	$8,623
43. Tennessee Tennessee $8,588Value	$8,588
44. North Carolina North Carolina $8,342Value	$8,342
45. Texas Texas $8,261Value	$8,261
46. Mississippi Mississippi $8,117Value	$8,117
47. Nevada Nevada $8,026Value	$8,026
48. Oklahoma Oklahoma $7,914Value	$7,914
49. Arizona Arizona $7,495Value	$7,495
50. Idaho Idaho $6,761Value	$6,761
51. Utah Utah $6,432Value	$6,432

	Value
1. New Jersey New Jersey $12,568Value	$12,568
2. New York New York $11,961Value	$11,961
3. District of Columbia District of Columbia $11,847Value	$11,847
4. Connecticut Connecticut $11,057Value	$11,057
5. Massachusetts Massachusetts $10,460Value	$10,460
6. Vermont Vermont $10,454Value	$10,454
7. Rhode Island Rhode Island $10,349Value	$10,349
8. Alaska Alaska $9,870Value	$9,870
9. Delaware Delaware $9,693Value	$9,693
10. Maine Maine $9,344Value	$9,344
11. Maryland Maryland $9,153Value	$9,153
12. Wisconsin Wisconsin $9,004Value	$9,004
13. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania $8,997Value	$8,997
14. Wyoming Wyoming $8,985Value	$8,985
15. Michigan Michigan $8,781Value	$8,781
16. Ohio Ohio $8,632Value	$8,632
17. New Hampshire New Hampshire $8,579Value	$8,579
18. West Virginia West Virginia $8,319Value	$8,319
19. Illinois Illinois $8,287Value	$8,287
20. Minnesota Minnesota $8,109Value	$8,109
21. Hawaii Hawaii $8,100Value	$8,100
22. Nebraska Nebraska $8,074Value	$8,074
23. Indiana Indiana $8,057Value	$8,057
United States United States $8,044Value	$8,044
24. Virginia Virginia $7,822Value	$7,822
25. Georgia Georgia $7,774Value	$7,774
26. Iowa Iowa $7,574Value	$7,574
27. California California $7,552Value	$7,552
28. Montana Montana $7,496Value	$7,496
29. Missouri Missouri $7,495Value	$7,495
30. Oregon Oregon $7,491Value	$7,491
31. Kansas Kansas $7,454Value	$7,454
32. Colorado Colorado $7,384Value	$7,384
33. Washington Washington $7,252Value	$7,252
34. Texas Texas $7,136Value	$7,136
35. New Mexico New Mexico $7,125Value	$7,125
36. South Carolina South Carolina $7,040Value	$7,040
37. Louisiana Louisiana $6,922Value	$6,922
38. North Dakota North Dakota $6,870Value	$6,870
39. Kentucky Kentucky $6,661Value	$6,661
40. North Carolina North Carolina $6,562Value	$6,562
41. South Dakota South Dakota $6,547Value	$6,547
42. Arkansas Arkansas $6,482Value	$6,482
43. Florida Florida $6,439Value	$6,439
44. Alabama Alabama $6,300Value	$6,300
45. Arizona Arizona $6,283Value	$6,283
46. Tennessee Tennessee $6,118Value	$6,118
T-47. Nevada Nevada $6,092Value	$6,092
T-47. Oklahoma Oklahoma $6,092Value	$6,092
49. Idaho Idaho $6,081Value	$6,081
50. Mississippi Mississippi $5,792Value	$5,792
51. Utah Utah $4,838Value	$4,838

	Value
1. New Jersey New Jersey $12,568Value	$12,568
2. New York New York $11,961Value	$11,961
3. District of Columbia District of Columbia $11,847Value	$11,847
4. Connecticut Connecticut $11,057Value	$11,057
5. Massachusetts Massachusetts $10,460Value	$10,460
6. Vermont Vermont $10,454Value	$10,454
7. Rhode Island Rhode Island $10,349Value	$10,349
8. Alaska Alaska $9,870Value	$9,870
9. Delaware Delaware $9,693Value	$9,693
10. Maine Maine $9,344Value	$9,344
11. Maryland Maryland $9,153Value	$9,153
12. Wisconsin Wisconsin $9,004Value	$9,004
13. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania $8,997Value	$8,997
14. Wyoming Wyoming $8,985Value	$8,985
15. Michigan Michigan $8,781Value	$8,781
16. Ohio Ohio $8,632Value	$8,632
17. New Hampshire New Hampshire $8,579Value	$8,579
18. West Virginia West Virginia $8,319Value	$8,319

	Value
19. Illinois Illinois $8,287Value	$8,287
20. Minnesota Minnesota $8,109Value	$8,109
21. Hawaii Hawaii $8,100Value	$8,100
22. Nebraska Nebraska $8,074Value	$8,074
23. Indiana Indiana $8,057Value	$8,057
United States United States $8,044Value	$8,044
24. Virginia Virginia $7,822Value	$7,822
25. Georgia Georgia $7,774Value	$7,774
26. Iowa Iowa $7,574Value	$7,574
27. California California $7,552Value	$7,552
28. Montana Montana $7,496Value	$7,496
29. Missouri Missouri $7,495Value	$7,495
30. Oregon Oregon $7,491Value	$7,491
31. Kansas Kansas $7,454Value	$7,454
32. Colorado Colorado $7,384Value	$7,384
33. Washington Washington $7,252Value	$7,252
34. Texas Texas $7,136Value	$7,136
35. New Mexico New Mexico $7,125Value	$7,125

	Value
36. South Carolina South Carolina $7,040Value	$7,040
37. Louisiana Louisiana $6,922Value	$6,922
38. North Dakota North Dakota $6,870Value	$6,870
39. Kentucky Kentucky $6,661Value	$6,661
40. North Carolina North Carolina $6,562Value	$6,562
41. South Dakota South Dakota $6,547Value	$6,547
42. Arkansas Arkansas $6,482Value	$6,482
43. Florida Florida $6,439Value	$6,439
44. Alabama Alabama $6,300Value	$6,300
45. Arizona Arizona $6,283Value	$6,283
46. Tennessee Tennessee $6,118Value	$6,118
T-47. Nevada Nevada $6,092Value	$6,092
T-47. Oklahoma Oklahoma $6,092Value	$6,092
49. Idaho Idaho $6,081Value	$6,081
50. Mississippi Mississippi $5,792Value	$5,792
51. Utah Utah $4,838Value	$4,838

Notes:

Current expenditures exclude capital expenditures and debt service. In Rhode Island, capital expenditures include any land and buildings that are capitalized (regardless of the value and useful life); infrastructure and building improvements that are capitalized at a cost of $1 million or more with a useful life of one year or more; and equipment that is capitalized at a cost of $5,000 or more. The definition of capital expenditures varies between states. Debt service includes payments on debt obligations, including principal and interest payments.
State disparities in current per-pupil expenditures may exist based on what states classify as current expenses (for example, states set different capitalization thresholds that determine which expenses qualify as capital outlays and which do not).
Data for this graph are from the U.S. Department of Education.

Current expenditures per pupil by LEA

Notes:

RI School for the Deaf is not included due to extraordinary special education costs. It’s annual curent per-pupil expenditure in 2013–2014 was $102,915.
Current expenditures exclude capital expenditures and debt service. In Rhode Island, capital expenditures include any land and buildings that are capitalized (regardless of the value and useful life); infrastructure and building improvements that are capitalized at a cost of $1 million or more with a useful life of one year or more; and equipment that is capitalized at a cost of $5,000 or more. Debt service includes payments on debt obligations, including principal and interest payments.

Sources

Introduction: “Funding Formula Summary,” Rhode Island Department of Education (2010), accessed November 13, 2015, http://www.ride.ri.gov/Portals/0/Uploads/Documents/Funding-and-Finance-Wise-Investments/Funding-Sources/State-Education-Aid-Funding-Formula/Funding-Formula-Summary-2-19-11-version.pdf.
Graphs 1, 3: “RIDE’s Uniform Chart of Accounts: Annual Per Pupil Expenditure Reports,” Rhode Island Department of Education, accessed November 12, 2015, http://www.ride.ri.gov/FundingFinance/SchoolDistrictFinancialData/UniformChartofAccounts.aspx#18211075-annual-per-pupil-expenditure-reports.
Graph 2: “Current expenditure per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state or jurisdiction,” U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, accessed November 24, 2015, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/.
Graph notes: “Capital Budgeting in the States,” National Association of State Budget Officers (2014), accessed November 24, 2015, https://www.nasbo.org/sites/default/files/Capital%20Budgeting%20in%20the%20States.pdf.

Revenues

According to the most recent data, a majority of funding for Rhode Island schools comes from local sources. The distribution of funding sources varies between states, with some states providing the bulk of funding at the state level, and other states relying more heavily on school districts and municipalities to generate funding.

Percentage of revenues for public elementary and secondary schools by source

	Federal	State	Local
United States	9.3	45.2	45.5
Alabama	11.8	54.8	33.4
Alaska	12.1	68.5	19.3
Arizona	13.6	42.2	44.1
Arkansas	12.1	51.9	35.9
California	11.2	54.3	34.5
Colorado	7.9	42.3	49.9
Connecticut	4.4	39.5	56.2
Delaware	10.1	58.8	31.1
Florida	12.6	38.6	48.8
Georgia	10.7	43.6	45.8
Hawaii	13.3	84.2	2.5
Idaho	11.9	64	24
Illinois	8.6	26.1	65.3
Indiana	8.7	56	35.3
Iowa	7.8	51.7	40.5
Kansas	8.6	55.1	36.4
Kentucky	12.3	54.5	33.2
Louisiana	15.2	43.3	41.6
Maine	7.6	39.9	52.5
Maryland	6.0	44.2	49.8
Massachusetts	5.7	39.4	54.9
Michigan	9.8	58.7	31.5
Minnesota	6.3	64.5	29.2
Mississippi	16.1	50.4	33.5
Missouri	9	32.8	58.2
Montana	12.9	48.1	39
Nebraska	9.4	32	58.5
Nevada	9.7	33.7	56.5
New Hampshire	5.7	35.5	58.8
New Jersey	4.4	40.8	54.8
New Mexico	15.2	68.6	16.2
New York	5.5	40.1	54.4
North Carolina	12.6	62.2	25.2
North Dakota	11.8	51	37.3
Ohio	8.6	43.5	47.9
Oklahoma	12.4	49.2	38.5
Oregon	9.2	49.4	41.4
Pennsylvania	8	35.9	56.2
Rhode Island	8.7	38.9	52.4
South Carolina	10	46.4	43.6
South Dakota	15	31.2	53.8
Tennessee	13	45.7	41.3
Texas	11.7	40.2	48
Utah	9.2	52	38.7
Vermont	7.1	88.9	4
Virginia	7.3	38.9	53.7
Washington	8.6	59	32.4
West Virginia	10.7	59	30.3
Wisconsin	7.9	45	47.2
Wyoming	6.7	52	41.3

	Federal	State	Local
United States	9.3	45.2	45.5
Alabama	11.8	54.8	33.4
Alaska	12.1	68.5	19.3
Arizona	13.6	42.2	44.1
Arkansas	12.1	51.9	35.9
California	11.2	54.3	34.5
Colorado	7.9	42.3	49.9
Connecticut	4.4	39.5	56.2
Delaware	10.1	58.8	31.1
Florida	12.6	38.6	48.8
Georgia	10.7	43.6	45.8
Hawaii	13.3	84.2	2.5
Idaho	11.9	64	24
Illinois	8.6	26.1	65.3
Indiana	8.7	56	35.3
Iowa	7.8	51.7	40.5
Kansas	8.6	55.1	36.4
Kentucky	12.3	54.5	33.2
Louisiana	15.2	43.3	41.6
Maine	7.6	39.9	52.5
Maryland	6.0	44.2	49.8
Massachusetts	5.7	39.4	54.9
Michigan	9.8	58.7	31.5
Minnesota	6.3	64.5	29.2
Mississippi	16.1	50.4	33.5
Missouri	9	32.8	58.2

	Federal	State	Local
Montana	12.9	48.1	39
Nebraska	9.4	32	58.5
Nevada	9.7	33.7	56.5
New Hampshire	5.7	35.5	58.8
New Jersey	4.4	40.8	54.8
New Mexico	15.2	68.6	16.2
New York	5.5	40.1	54.4
North Carolina	12.6	62.2	25.2
North Dakota	11.8	51	37.3
Ohio	8.6	43.5	47.9
Oklahoma	12.4	49.2	38.5
Oregon	9.2	49.4	41.4
Pennsylvania	8	35.9	56.2
Rhode Island	8.7	38.9	52.4
South Carolina	10	46.4	43.6
South Dakota	15	31.2	53.8
Tennessee	13	45.7	41.3
Texas	11.7	40.2	48
Utah	9.2	52	38.7
Vermont	7.1	88.9	4
Virginia	7.3	38.9	53.7
Washington	8.6	59	32.4
West Virginia	10.7	59	30.3
Wisconsin	7.9	45	47.2
Wyoming	6.7	52	41.3

	Federal	State	Local
United States	8.5	48.7	42.8
Alabama	11.6	57.6	30.9
Alaska	17.7	56.8	25.5
Arizona	11.4	48.4	40.2
Arkansas	11.7	55.2	33.0
California	9.9	58.9	31.3
Colorado	6.5	43.1	50.4
Connecticut	5.2	37.4	57.4
Delaware	8.6	63.4	28.0
Florida	10.5	43.6	45.8
Georgia	8.1	48.2	43.7
Hawaii	8.2	90.1	1.7
Idaho	9.8	59.1	31.1
Illinois	8.5	33.0	58.5
Indiana	7.6	58.8	33.5
Iowa	7.4	46.6	46.0
Kansas	9.1	57.1	33.8
Kentucky	10.6	58.8	30.7
Louisiana	13.2	49.1	37.7
Maine	8.9	42.9	48.1
Maryland	6.7	38.3	55.0
Massachusetts	6.0	40.9	53.1
Michigan	7.8	63.3	28.9
Minnesota	5.9	73.8	20.2
Mississippi	15.4	53.8	30.8
Missouri	8.0	35.8	56.2
Montana	14.5	46.3	39.2
Nebraska	8.9	34.4	56.7
Nevada	7.0	30.2	62.8
New Hampshire	5.2	48.9	45.9
New Jersey	4.3	43.5	52.2
New Mexico	15.0	72.1	12.9
New York	7.0	45.6	47.5
North Carolina	9.6	63.7	26.7
North Dakota	15.3	36.8	47.9
Ohio	6.4	44.8	48.7
Oklahoma	12.7	54.7	32.6
Oregon	9.1	50.9	40.0
Pennsylvania	7.7	36.6	55.6
Rhode Island	6.5	42.0	51.5
South Carolina	9.8	48.1	42.1
South Dakota	15.7	33.7	50.6
Tennessee	10.0	43.8	46.1
Texas	9.9	40.9	49.2
Utah	9.3	56.4	34.3
Vermont	7.0	67.8	25.3
Virginia	6.6	39.6	53.8
Washington	9.0	61.8	29.2
West Virginia	10.6	61.4	27.9
Wisconsin	6.1	53.4	40.6
Wyoming	8.8	50.9	40.3

	Federal	State	Local
United States	8.5	48.7	42.8
Alabama	11.6	57.6	30.9
Alaska	17.7	56.8	25.5
Arizona	11.4	48.4	40.2
Arkansas	11.7	55.2	33.0
California	9.9	58.9	31.3
Colorado	6.5	43.1	50.4
Connecticut	5.2	37.4	57.4
Delaware	8.6	63.4	28.0
Florida	10.5	43.6	45.8
Georgia	8.1	48.2	43.7
Hawaii	8.2	90.1	1.7
Idaho	9.8	59.1	31.1
Illinois	8.5	33.0	58.5
Indiana	7.6	58.8	33.5
Iowa	7.4	46.6	46.0
Kansas	9.1	57.1	33.8
Kentucky	10.6	58.8	30.7
Louisiana	13.2	49.1	37.7
Maine	8.9	42.9	48.1
Maryland	6.7	38.3	55.0
Massachusetts	6.0	40.9	53.1
Michigan	7.8	63.3	28.9
Minnesota	5.9	73.8	20.2
Mississippi	15.4	53.8	30.8
Missouri	8.0	35.8	56.2

	Federal	State	Local
Montana	14.5	46.3	39.2
Nebraska	8.9	34.4	56.7
Nevada	7.0	30.2	62.8
New Hampshire	5.2	48.9	45.9
New Jersey	4.3	43.5	52.2
New Mexico	15.0	72.1	12.9
New York	7.0	45.6	47.5
North Carolina	9.6	63.7	26.7
North Dakota	15.3	36.8	47.9
Ohio	6.4	44.8	48.7
Oklahoma	12.7	54.7	32.6
Oregon	9.1	50.9	40.0
Pennsylvania	7.7	36.6	55.6
Rhode Island	6.5	42.0	51.5
South Carolina	9.8	48.1	42.1
South Dakota	15.7	33.7	50.6
Tennessee	10.0	43.8	46.1
Texas	9.9	40.9	49.2
Utah	9.3	56.4	34.3
Vermont	7.0	67.8	25.3
Virginia	6.6	39.6	53.8
Washington	9.0	61.8	29.2
West Virginia	10.6	61.4	27.9
Wisconsin	6.1	53.4	40.6
Wyoming	8.8	50.9	40.3

State and local revenues by district poverty level in Rhode Island

Note: District poverty level is measured by the percentage of students who qualify for free or reduced-price lunch.

Sources

Graph 1: "Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source of funds and state or jurisdiction," U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics (search by year), last accessed June 20, 2016, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/.
Graph 2: “The State of Funding Equity Data Tool,” Education Trust (2015), accessed November 12, 2015, https://edtrust.org/map/.